In directed networks, it is necessary also to consider directionality when calculating node distances since some nodes may not be `reachable’ (e.g. geodesic distance equal to 1) or via Jan (i.e. For instance, Luca can reach Sophie either directly (i.e.
This measure is based on the concept of geodesic distance, which, for each pair of connected nodes, measures the number of nodes on the shortest route between them. For instance, closeness centrality measures a node’s proximity to all other nodes in the network. Other measures of centrality such as closeness and betweenness, evaluate nodes based not only on their direct links but also information on the links of their neighbour nodes. Node Characteristics: Centrality Measures Alternatively, some networks can include loops which are links departing and arriving to the same node. the import and export values of countries in an international trade network). In the latter case, the network is a weighted network, where link strength is measurable and reflects the importance of certain links compared to others (e.g. In the former case, the network is a binary network, where what matters, is the presence or not of a specific link (e.g. Some relations are binary while others are characterized by different values. comprised of the same family or set of co-authors).
If the links are unidirectional, the resulting network will take the form of an undirected graph (e.g. a network of ‘secret Santa’ gifts, or ‘favourite’ colleagues). For instance, if the network links represent directional relations, the network will take the form of a directed graph (e.g. The network’s properties depend on the characteristics of its nodes and links.
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